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Causes and Risk Factors of Macular Degeneration

The exact cause of macular degeneration is not fully understood, but there are several factors that can increase your risk. Age is the most significant factor, with older adults being more likely to develop the condition. A family history of macular degeneration also raises the risk, as does race—Caucasians tend to be affected more often than other racial groups. Lifestyle and health factors play a role as well. Smoking significantly increases the likelihood of developing macular degeneration, while high blood pressure and high cholesterol can also contribute to its onset. Being aware of these risk factors can help you take steps to protect your vision.

 

 

Prevention of Macular Degeneration

Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent macular degeneration, there are several strategies that may help reduce your risk. Avoiding smoking is one of the most important steps, as tobacco use is strongly linked to the disease. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nutrients that support eye health can also help. Regular exercise, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and getting routine eye exams are all important ways to monitor and protect your vision. By taking these preventive measures, you can support overall eye health and reduce your risk of developing macular degeneration.

 

Symptoms of Macular Degeneration

The symptoms of macular degeneration can vary depending on whether the condition is the wet or dry type.

 

-Wet Macular Degeneration-

Wet macular degeneration may cause blurred vision, a blind spot in the center of your vision, or distortion, where straight lines appear wavy or bent.

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-Dry macular degeneration-

Dry macular degeneration usually develops more slowly and may cause blurred vision or a gradual loss of central vision. While peripheral vision is often unaffected, even mild changes in central vision can make everyday tasks more difficult. Noticing these symptoms early is important for timely evaluation and treatment.

 

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Diagnosis of Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam by an eye doctor. During the exam, your doctor will carefully examine your retina and ask about your symptoms. Additional tests, such as the Amsler grid test, may be used to detect vision changes that indicate macular degeneration. Early diagnosis is key, as it allows for timely intervention to slow the progression of the disease and preserve as much vision as possible.

 

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Treatment of Macular Degeneration

While there is currently no cure for macular degeneration, there are treatments available that can slow its progression and help protect vision. For wet macular degeneration, eye injections with medications known as anti-VEGF drugs are commonly used to stop the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina. Another option, photodynamic therapy, uses a specialized laser to target and destroy these abnormal vessels. These treatments are most effective when started early, which is why regular monitoring and prompt evaluation of symptoms are so important. Your eye doctor will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the type and severity of your condition.

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New gene therapies are opening exciting new possibilities for people living with macular degeneration. Instead of needing injections as often, these treatments are designed to help your eyes protect themselves for longer, giving you more time to focus on the things you love without frequent trips to the doctor. We are proud to be part of a research study exploring this breakthrough, and we invite you to take part in the journey toward better vision care. Learn more on our Research Page.

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If you’re living with macular degeneration, you’re not alone—and there are treatments that can help slow the disease and protect your vision. Depending on your needs, care may include specialized eye injections, laser therapy, or supportive options like nutritional guidance and low-vision aids. At East Florida Eye Institute, we provide these advanced treatments with a personalized, compassionate approach. Our team is here to guide you through every step, helping you preserve your sight and continue enjoying the activities you love.​