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Causes of Glaucoma

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The exact cause of glaucoma is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including:

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• Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)

• A family history of glaucoma

• Age

• Race

• Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure

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Symptoms of Glaucoma

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In the early stages, glaucoma often has no symptoms. As the disease progresses, you may experience:

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• Blurred vision

• Tunnel vision

• Halos around lights

• Pain in or around the eye

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Diagnosis of Glaucoma

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Glaucoma is diagnosed with a comprehensive eye exam, which may include:

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• Tonometry: This test measures the pressure inside your eye.

• Ophthalmoscopy: This test allows your doctor to look at the back of your eye and examine the optic nerve.

• Visual field test: This test measures your peripheral vision.

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Treatment of Glaucoma

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There is no cure for glaucoma, but there are treatments that can help slow the progression of the disease and prevent vision loss. Treatment options include:

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• Eye drops: Eye drops are the most common treatment for glaucoma. They work by reducing the amount of fluid in the eye, which helps to lower IOP.

• Laser surgery: Laser surgery can help to open up the drainage channels in the eye, which helps to lower IOP.

• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to lower IOP.

• Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): MIGS is a minimally invasive type of glaucoma surgery that has a shorter recovery time than traditional glaucoma surgery. MIGS procedures are performed through small incisions in the eye, which helps to reduce the risk of complications.

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Prevention of Glaucoma

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There is no sure way to prevent glaucoma, but there are some things you can do to reduce your risk, including:

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• Getting regular eye exams

• Controlling your blood pressure

• Controlling your blood sugar

• Quitting smoking

• Eating a healthy diet

• Exercising regularly

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