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Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy

The exact cause of diabetic retinopathy is not fully understood, but high blood sugar levels are a major factor. When blood sugar remains elevated over time, it can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak or become blocked. This damage can result in swelling, bleeding, and other changes that affect vision. Proper diabetes management is key to reducing the risk of developing this condition and slowing its progression.

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Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy

In the early stages, diabetic retinopathy may not cause any noticeable symptoms, which is why regular eye exams are so important for people with diabetes. As the condition progresses, however, symptoms may develop. Common signs include blurred vision, dark spots or floaters in your vision, sensitivity to light, or eye pain. If you notice any changes in your vision, it’s important to schedule an eye exam promptly, as early intervention can help prevent further damage.

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Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy

Drops will be put in your eye to dilate (widen) your pupil. This allows your ophthalmologist to look through a special lens to see the inside of your eye.
Your doctor may do optical coherence tomography (OCT) to look closely at the retina. A machine scans the retina and provides detailed images of its thickness. This helps your doctor find and measure swelling of your macula.

Fluorescein angiography or OCT angiography helps your doctor see what is happening with the blood vessels in your retina. Fluorescein angiography uses a yellow dye called fluorescein, which is injected into a vein (usually in your arm). The dye travels through your blood vessels. A special camera takes photos of the retina as the dye travels throughout its blood vessels. It shows if any blood vessels are blocked or leaking fluid. It also shows if any abnormal blood vessels are growing. OCT angiography is a newer technique and does not need dye to look at the blood vessels. But it does not provide as much information as fluorescein angiography.

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Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy

Although diabetic retinopathy cannot always be completely prevented, there are steps you can take to lower your risk. The most important preventive measure is controlling blood sugar levels through a healthy diet, regular exercise, and proper use of any prescribed medications. Maintaining overall health by managing blood pressure and cholesterol can also help protect your eyes. In addition, people with diabetes should get regular eye exams, even if they have no symptoms, because early detection allows for more effective treatment and better outcomes.

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Living with diabetes means taking extra care of your eyes, and early action can make a significant difference. At East Florida Eye Institute, our team is dedicated to helping patients manage diabetic retinopathy with thorough evaluations, advanced diagnostic testing, and personalized treatment plans. If you have diabetes or have noticed changes in your vision, we encourage you to schedule an appointment with us. Together, we can monitor your eye health, protect your vision, and help you maintain your quality of life.

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